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The complexity of the human environment interface makes it difficult to base a design theory only on...

  1. Environmental design research

  2. Functionality

  3. Historic precedent

  4. Perception theories

The correct answer is: Environmental design research

Basing a design theory solely on environmental design research falls short because this area often focuses primarily on the physical aspects of design, potentially overlooking the various human factors that influence interaction with the environment. Human environments are complex and multifaceted, meaning that a comprehensive design theory must also integrate behavioral, emotional, and contextual considerations, which are not fully captured by environmental research alone. Designing for human interfaces requires a holistic approach that encompasses functionality, perception, and historical context. This multidisciplinary consideration allows for a more nuanced understanding of how users perceive and interact with their surroundings, ultimately leading to more effective and user-friendly designs.